Grinding wheel



Sept. 12, 1933. 'J'. TUREK Ganinme WHEEL Filed Jan. 11, 1932 J (ju. re

nvveN R Patented Sept. 12, 1933 UNITED STATES GRINDING WHEEL Johann Turek, Steinbach, Germany Application January 11, 1932, Serial No. 585,993, and in Germany October 10, 1930 6 Claims. (Cl. 51-206) This invention relates to an improved grinding wheel and more particularly to a wheel for grinding and polishing knife blades and similar metallic surfaces.

In the art of grinding and polishing knife blades and the like as hitherto done, several operations are to be carried out for the purpose in succession. First the piece of work is roughened or ground by means of a grinding tool of cylindrical shape whereby the work or blade is given the required sharpness, the oxydic skin or crusts are removed and a bright, shining surface is obtained. The latter, however, is not entirely smooth due to the presence of shallow groovelets or flaws produced by the rough abrading tool, so that in a subsequent or finishing operation the ground surfaces must be polished by means of a tool of finer abrading qualities, such as a disk overlaid with leather coated with a paste of emery powder and a suitable agglutinant. This polishing operation is usually repeated once or twice just as required to ensure a smoothness of a desired degree or gloss.

The object of the present invention is'to provide a tool, preferably of disk shape, for grinding and polishing blades of knives and similar articles in one and the same operation.

Emery wheels which are usually made of an emery-containing material by moulding and burning, are adapted to be used for a permanency owing 'to the fact that fine emery particles continuously separate from the grinding surface and fresh portions or particles of the thus reformed surface come to action, while the said detached particles get lost with the cooling water employed in connection with grinding wheels of this type, without having been utilized exhaustively.

The tool constructed according to the present invention comprises, in general, a disk or wheel of a comparatively soft substance such as wood and similar or equivalent materials, and burnt emery grinding bodies inserted in recesses provided for the purpose in the said disk of wood or the like. As usually the wheel is to be provided with a central hole for the attachment to a driving shaft.

In a grinding disk constructed as above described the separating emery particles are'not carried away by the water, but are pressed or rolled and forced by the pressure to which the piece of work is to be subjected during the grindgrinding mill. In the later case I prefer to equip In this way the detached emery particles are embedded and conglomerated in a tough but comparatively soft support or foundation so as to form bodies of milder abrading or polishing quality intermediate between the solid grinding bodies inserted in the recesses'of the disk and adapted to accomplish a rough grinding result v The detachedemery particles are received by and embedded in the wooden surface in continuouslychanging paths and this continuous change of the place of the abrading points or particles embedded in a comparatively soft base or foundation results ina clear smoothing and removing of the fissures, groovelets or stripes produced in the work or blade by the rough grinding action of the burnt emery bodies. Thus rough grinding and fine polishing of a piece of work can be accomplished in a single operation with the result of economizing abrading material, time and labour in operation.

According to the present invention the bores, recesses or grooves for the reception of the burnt emery bodies, may be provided either in the peripheral surface ,of the disk or in the side faces thereof or in both so that grinding can be performed by or on the cylindrical surface or on one or both lateral surfaces of the disk just as in a common emery wheel. The bores, recesses or the like for the reception of the burnt emery bodies preferably are cut in the circumferentialv surface of the wooden disk to form radial cavities and or in the side faces thereof to form cavities or bores parallel to the axis or shaft of the disk, so that the longitudinal axes of the inserted .emery bodies will lie perpendicular to the plane of the work or blade to be ground.

In case that a cooling liquid is employed the same may be supplied by a water-system and allowed to flow over the disk and to escape into a sump or the like, as usually in grinding plants. 5 If required or preferred, however, the disk may be journalled in suitable bearings of a chest partially filled with water so that the lower portion of the disk dips into the water, as in a common the disk with means for automatically circulat ing the cooling liquid and with this purpose in view I provide scooping means such as bucketlike pockets, either in the cylindrical surfaces of a grinding disk with emery bodies in the side surfaces, or in the side surfaces of a grinding disk with emery bodies provided in the cylindrical surface thereof. Said pockets act each to lift a small quantity of water, during the rotation of the wheel, and to throw it towards and against the 110 eflicient, yet any other suitable means for circulating the cooling water may be employed, in connection with my improved grinding disk, in lieu of the former.

In a wheel constructed in accordance with the present invention the wooden chief body or disk may be composed of a plurality of parts or segments, of which there may be any desired number, as four for instance, and which may be united integrally so as to form a disk, by means of an iron hoop, frame or the like as usually in the art of making mill-stones. I have also found that a wheel whereof about one half of the active or working surface consists of or is formed by inserted burnt emery bodies while the other half thereof consists of wood or any appropriate equivalent substance, will give highly satisfactory results.

Iwill now proceed to describe my invention more in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification; and showing for purposes of exemplification, a few preferred embodiments thereof, it being intended and understood that the invention, which is of wide and general application, is illustrated by, but not limited to the embodiments thereof so illustrated and described. I

In the drawing, Figure 1 shows in elevation a grinding disk constructed in accordance with my invention; Figure 2 is a longitudinal horizontal section thereof taken on the line II'I[ of Figure '1; Figure 3 is a view in elevation, partly in section of a grinding mill or apparatus with a grinding disk constructed somewhat differently from the construction illustrated in Figure 1; Figure 4 is an elevation'similar to Figure 1; but partly in section or broken away, of a further modification and Figure 5 is a view in vertical section of the grinding disk shown in Figure 4.

The grinding wheels shown in the drawing have flat plane side-faces and a cylindrical surface of the required or suitable width. As hereinbefore mentioned the bores or recesses for the accommodatioiibf the emery bodies may be provided-in any or all of the surfaces of the disk or wheel available for the purpose. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 the peripheral portion 1 of the wooden disk is provided with bores 2 symmetrically disposed in parallelism to the axis or shaft 7 of the wheel and which extend right through from side-face to sideface. In the said bores 2 cylindrical bodies of burnt emery material are inserted to snugly fit therein so that the circular end faces thereof lie in the planes of or flush with the side-faces of the wooden disk. 8 designates the inner or central portion of the disk which is not utilized for grinding purposes and may be of reduced thickness. It will be seen that the wheel shown in Figures 1 and 2 is intended and adapted for grinding any articles, preferably knife-blades, by

means of or on its plane side-faces, a central opening being provided in the wooden body for the reception of a driving shaft.

The grinding apparatus shown in Figure 3 comprises a chest or trough 3 with a detachable protecting hood 6 and a grinding wheel whereof the shaft 7 is supported in suitable bearings (not shown). The grinding wheel is of a construction similar to that shown in Figures 1 and 2 with the difference that the emery bodies are located in staggered relationship instead of being disposed in a common circular line.

In the modification illustrated in Figure 3 bucket-like scooping pockets 4 are provided in the cylindrical surface of the wheel and also laterally in the plane surfaces of the wheel nearthe inner edges of the working circumferential portion 1 of the wheel. During the rotation of the wheel the pockets 4 will act to take small quantities of cooling water along with them which when the wheel revolves at a comparatively high speed, as usually in grinding knife-blades, for example, will be splashed against the hood 6 and caused to drip or drizzle onto the grinding wheel. 5 denotes the place where the knife-blade or any other article to be ground is to be applied.

Figures 4 and 5 illustrate a. grinding wheel constructed according to the present invention for grinding with its cylindrical surface. The chief body of the wheel comprises a wooden main 1 disk composed of two halves interconnected to form a unit with screws 14, bolts or similar means and keyed to a shaft 9. The lateral disk 12 of reduced diameter serve the purpose of fixing and stabilizing the main disk on the shaft. In 1 the cylindrical surface of the disk there are provided radial recesses 13 for the reception of emery bodies which are shaped to snugly fit in said recesses. The outer end faces of the emery bodies coincide or lie fiush with the cylindrical 1 surface of the wooden main disk 10, 10.

In all embodiments shown the grinding faces of the emery bodies inserted into recesses or bores of the wooden wheel are spaced a suflicient distance apart from each other in order to answer 1 the purpose aimed at and to suit best the particular conditions of the case. It goes without mentioning, that the said distance or, in other words, the number of emery bodies provided in the circular path of the grinding wheel, may vary within wide limits just as required or preferred in a particular case.

As regards operation, a grinding wheel constructed as herein described is used in the same manner as ordinary grinding wheels of known construction, inclusive of the use in a grinding mill wherein the piece of work is automatically fed on or in respect to the grinding surface. In

all cases, however, my improved grinding wheel is superior to the known wheels as regards efficiency and reliability in operation, inasmuch as both grinding or rough grinding and polishing will be accomplished by the wheel described herein simultaneously in one and the same operation.

While I have referred specifically to the use of wood as the substance'of which my improved wheel may be partially made or consist, it is to be understood that the term wood as used herein, is intended to cover any other equivalent materials or substitutes.

I have herein described and shown several practical constructions of my present improve ments, but it will be apparent that the wheel is What I claim is:

1. A wheel for simultaneously grinding andpolishing steel articles, formed from material having the polishing properties of wood and having recesses in its surface, hard-bonded abrasive bodies inserted in the recesses; the outer surfaces -ofthe abrasive bodies being flush with the outer surfaces of the material of the wheel, the relative extents of abrasives and wood-like surfaces being so proportioned that said articles will be progressively abraded by said abrasives and polished by saidwood-like material in one operation.

7 in said bores and having their ends flush with the side faces of the disk, the relative extents of the abrasive and wood surfaces being so proportioned that the articles will be progressively abraded by said abrasives and polished by said wood in one operation.

3. A wheel for simultaneously grinding and polishing steel articles, comprising a disk formed from wood having radial recesses in its cylindrical surface, emery bodis fitted in said recesses and having their ends flush with the surface of the disk the relative extent of the abrasives and wood surfaces being so proportioned that said articles will be successively abraded by said abrasives and polished by said wood surfaces in one operation of a machine, and means for securing thedisktoadrivingshaft.

4. A wheel for simultaneously grinding and polishing, comprising a disk formed from wood and having recesses in its. grinding surface, emery .bodies inserted in said recesses and having parts lying flush with said surface, a vessel containing water through which the lower portion of the disk turns, said disk having bucket-shaped scooping pockets formed therein for elevating the water and distributing it over said grinding and polish- .ing surfaces.

a 5. A wheel for simultaneously grinding and' polishing steel articles formed from material having the polishing properties of wood and having recesses in its surface, hard bonded abrasive bodies inserted in the recesses, the outer surfaces of the abrasive bodies being flush with the outer surfaces of the material of the wheel, the relative extents of the abrasives and wood-like surfaces being so proportioned that said articles will first be properly abraded by said abrasives and then polished by said material in one operation. 6. A grinding wheel as claimed in claim 5 an having a cover above it and a vessel below it in which the wheel rotates, said wheel having scoop-shaped recesses therein to dip water from the vessel and throw it against the cover when the wheel is rotated.

JOHANN TUREK. 

